Turn-cutting parameters for carbon steel need to be dynamically adjusted based on the material's carbon content, hardness, and machining conditions. Cutting speed and tool wear are key control factors.
① Low-carbon steel (AISI 1005-1026): Materials with a carbon content of 0.06%-0.28% tend to produce long chips, requiring a 15%-20% increase in cutting speed to improve surface finish. During roughing, the depth of cut can be controlled at 2-3mm, with the specific value depending on the tool material and workpiece hardness.
② Medium-carbon steel (AISI 1029-1053): In the 0.25%-0.55% carbon content range, the surface finish is better than low-carbon steel, but it's important to note that cutting speed is inversely proportional to hardness. It is recommended to reduce the cutting speed by 5%-8% for every 1 HRC increase in hardness.
③ High-carbon steel (AISI 1055-1095): A carbon content of up to 1.03% results in greater cutting forces. A low-speed cutting strategy is preferred, and using wear-resistant coated tools can extend tool life by more than 40%.
