The structure of carbon steel turned parts is primarily designed based on their functional requirements. Common types include shafts, sleeves, discs, and irregularly shaped rotating bodies. All are based on the geometric characteristics of rotating bodies and are constructed using elements such as outer diameters, inner holes, end faces, threads, and grooves.
These parts serve functions such as support, transmission, connection, or sealing in mechanical systems. Their structural design must consider machining feasibility, material utilization, and service performance. The following are typical structural classifications and characteristics:
Shaft Parts: These have a relatively long center line of rotation and often feature stepped variations, such as drive shafts, guide rods, and lead screws. Structurally, they often include multiple outer diameter segments, relief grooves, chamfers, and center holes. Some also integrate threads or keyways (requiring subsequent milling).
Sleeve-type parts: Characterized by through holes, such as bushings, shaft sleeves, and guide sleeves. Their structure typically consists of an outer circle, an inner hole, an end face, and a sealing groove. High machining accuracy is required to ensure uniform wall thickness, and they are susceptible to deformation due to cutting forces.
Disc-type parts: With radial dimensions greater than axial dimensions, such as flanges, end caps, and hubs. Their structure includes a large end face, a stop, evenly distributed holes (requiring drilling), and a center locating hole. Emphasis is placed on the flatness of the end face and the coaxiality of the inner and outer circles.
Irregularly shaped rotating parts are extensions of a basic rotating body with non-circular contours, such as eccentric shafts, ball joints, and tapered joints. These require machining spherical surfaces, tapers, or complex curves using the interpolation function of a CNC lathe; some structures require a combination of turning and milling processes.
